Functional Foods: What are they?

What are Functional Foods?
Functional Foods are those foods that possess health-promoting and disease- prevention functions in addition to their nutritional functions.

What makes Foods 'Functional'?- Phytochemicals!

What are Phytochemicals?
Phytochemicals  are  naturally  occurring,  biologically  active  chemical  compounds  in plants.  They  act  as  a  natural  defence  system  for  host  plants  and  provide  colour,  aroma  and  flavor. Phytochemicals  are  protective  and  disease-preventing  particularly  for  some  form  of  cancer  and heart  disease.  The  most  important  action  of  these  chemicals  with  respect  to  human  beings  is somewhat  similar  in  that  they  function  as  antioxidants  that  react  with  the  free  oxygen  molecules or  free  radicals  in  our  bodies.

 Phytochemicals  that  have  been  discovered  are grouped  based  on  function  and  sometimes  sources.  These  groupings  include  the  flavonoids, phyto-estrogens,  phytosterols  and  carotenoids.  These  classes  and  others  can  be  further  divided into  subclasses.

 The  flavonoids  include  more  than  1500  separate  compounds with  varied  functions.  Flavonoids  enhance  the  effect  of  vitamin  C  and  function  as  antioxidants. They  are  also  known  to  be  biologically  active  against  liver  toxins,  tumours,  viruses  and  other microbes,  allergies  and  inflammation.  Some  of  the  important  flavonoids include  hesperidin,  quercitin,  tangeretin,  resveratrol  and  anthocyanins.

 Phyto-oestrogens  are naturally  occurring  plant  compounds  that  structurally  resemble  mammalian  oestrogen.  They copy  or  counteract  the  effect  of  oestrogen  in  the  body.  Consumption  of  isoflavone,  a phytoestrogen,  is  associated  with  cancer  prevention,  improved  cardiovascular  health  and  bone health.

Phytosterols  are  plant  sterols  that  occur  in  many  plant  species  but  appear  to be  more  abundant  in  the  seed  of  green  and  yellow  vegetables.  They  are  important  in  the  humandiet  because  they  help  to  reduce  the  amount  of  dietary  cholesterol  absorbed  by  the  body  by blocking  uptake  in  the  intestine.  They  also  facilitate  cholesterol  excretion  from  the  body. Carotenoids  are  plant  pigments  found  in  bright  yellow,  orange  and  red  fruits  and  vegetables.

Carotenoids  are  generally  well  known  as  vitamin  A  precursors.  Phytochemicals are  found  in  all  plant  products.  Some  good  sources  include  vegetables,  spinach,  tomatoes, peppers,  carrots,  watermelon,  citrus  fruits,  mangoes,  papaya,  grapes,  apples,  red  grape,  pears, oats, barley, sweet potatoes, corn, ginger, thyme, onions, green tea.

According to Hippocrates 'let food be thy medicine and let medicine be thy food'. Eat right and stay healthy!

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